José Barrionuevo Peña (Berja, March 13, 1942) is a former Spanish politician, a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. For just over a decade, under the governments of Felipe González, he served first as Minister of the Interior, and later as Minister of Transport.

In 1998, the Supreme Court found him guilty of various crimes as the person responsible for the "dirty war" against ETA waged by the Anti-Terrorist Liberation Groups (GAL).