German political scientist born in 1929 in the former Czechoslovakia. He studied at the University of Frankfurt alongside Adorno, Horkheimer and Carlo Schmid, among others. He obtained his doctorate in 1956. After his habilitation at the University of Marburg, he worked as a private teacher and scientific advisor. In 1966 he moved to the University of Erlangen, where he taught until 1972. He then served as director of the Institute of Political Sciences at the University of Aachen, until his appointment as professor emeritus in 1994. His main studies were on conservatism and right-wing extremism. in Germany. He published several books on ideology and conservatism.